COMPARISON OF DATA-OPTIMIZED COST 231 HATA PATHLOSS MODEL USING CONSTANT (DC) OFFSET AND PATH PROFILE TUNING METHOD

ABSTRACT
 
Path loss models are essential for appropriate wireless network planning as they assist in interference estimations, frequency assignments, and the evaluation of cell parameters. For this purpose radio propagation models are quite useful. The determination of radio propagation characteristics for a given terrain is a key consideration in wireless network planning. Some of the most widely used models are the Empirical Propagation Models. The suitability of any propagation model depends on terrain clutter and other constraints. This paper addresses the suitability of the COST 231 Hata Model for network coverage prediction across the selected terrains in the main campus of University of Uyo in Akwa Ibom state. The frequency bands studied include Airtel GSM network at 2100 MHz. In order to obtain higher prediction accuracy, the CONSTANT DC OFFSET tuning method was compared with the PATH PROFILE tuning method. After tuning, minimal RMSE value was obtained for the optimised COST 231 Hata model.

Keywords: Pathloss, optimization, constant DC offset tuning, path profile tuning, root mean square error, COST 231 Hata model, standard deviation, received signal strength

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION.. i

CERTIFICATION.. i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.. ii

abstract.. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS. iii-v iii

LIST OF FIGURES. ix

LIST OF TABLES. x

Appreviations. xi

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION.. .1

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.. 3

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM... 4

1.3   AIM AND OBJECTIVES. 5

1.4   JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY.. 6

1.5   SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY.. 6

1.6   ARRANGEMENT OF THE REPORT.. 7

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW... 8

2.3   INTRODUCTION.. 8

2.4   RELATED WORKS. 13

2.3   RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION AND PROPAGATION PREDICTION.. 12

2.4   DEFINITION OF PATHLOSS ....13

2.5   RADIO PROPAGATION CHANNEL.. ...................14

          2.5.1 THE PROPAGATION CHANNEL..........................................................14

          2.5.2 THE RADIO CHANNEL .........................................................................15

2.6   RADIO PROPAGATION MECHANISM... .15

          2.6.1 DIFFRACTION ........................................................................................15

          2.6.2 SCATERRING .........................................................................................16

          2.6.3 REFLECTTION .......................................................................................16

          2.6.4 TRANSMISSION......................................................................................16

          2.6.5 REFFRACTION .......................................................................................17

          2.6.6 FRESNEL ZONE .....................................................................................18

2.7   RADIO PROPAGATION MODEL.. 18

          2.7.1 STATISTICAL PROPAGATION MODELS ..........................................18

          2.7.2 DETERMINISTIC(GEOMETRICAL) PROPAGATION MODELS.......19    

          2.7.3 EMPIRICAL PROPAGATION MODELS...............................................21   

                    1. FREE SPACE MODEL........................................................................21

                    2. THE OKUMURA MODEL..................................................................22

                    3. THE LEE MODEL...............................................................................22

                    4. THE HATA MODEL...........................................................................22

                    5. COST 231 MODEL..............................................................................23

                    6. STANDFORD UNIVERSITY INTERIM (SUI) MODEL..................23

2.8   MODEL TUNING APPROACHES. 24

           2.8.1 STATISTICAL TUNING METHOD.................................................24-25

           2.8.2 DETERMINISTIC TUNING METHOD............................................25-27

           2.8.1 SEMI-STATISTICAL/ SEMI-DETERMINISTIC TUNING

                           METHOD...........................................................................................24-25  

           2.8.2 PER CELL TUNING APPROACH....................................................27-30

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOgY.. 30

3.1   RESEARCH METHOD.. 31

3.2   THE PROPAGATION MODEL.. 32

         3.2.1 COST 231 HATA PATHLOSS MODEL.............................................32-33

         3.2.2 FREE SPACE PATH LOSS...................................................................... 33

3.3   MEASUREMENT ENVIRONMENT.. 34

3.4   MEASUREMENT TOOLS AND PROCEDURE.. 35

          3.4.1 TOOLS USED FOR MEASUREMENT SURVEY..................................35

          3.4.2 DATA COLLECTION SET UP................................................................36

          3.4.3 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE.....................................................37

CHAPTER four

RESULT AND SICUSSION. 43

 4.1 THE MEASURED DATA...........................................................................................43-52

 4.2 THE OPTIMISED COST-231 HATA MODELS.................................................52

CHAPTER five

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDDATION.. 53

5.1  CONCLUSION......................................................................................................54

5.2 RECOMMENDATION............................................................................................55

REFERENCES........................................................................................................56-57

APPENDIX

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